AP® Chemistry

Unit 1 | Atomic Structure and Properties

Atomic structure and properties encompass the understanding of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom, their arrangement in energy levels, and how these influence the chemical behavior and properties of elements.

Short Answer Questions

Short answer questions assess understanding of atomic structure, including electron configuration, atomic theory, isotopes, and periodic trends in relation to elemental properties.

3 questions

Interpreting PES Spectra

Isotopes of Bromine

Interpretation of Atomic Structure

Long Answer Questions

Long answer questions assess the ability to explain atomic structure, electron configurations, and periodic trends through detailed written responses demonstrating conceptual understanding and clear reasoning.

3 questions

Periodic Properties

Periodic Trends

Percent Yield from the Dehydration of a Hydrate

Unit 2 | Compound Structure and Properties

The structure and properties of compounds are determined by the types of bonding (ionic, covalent, metallic), molecular geometry, intermolecular forces, and the arrangement of atoms in the solid state.

Short Answer Questions

Short answer questions focus on analyzing and interpreting models of atomic structure, bonding, and the physical properties of compounds based on intermolecular forces and molecular geometry.

2 questions

Bond Length, Formal Charge, Resonance, and Lewis Structures

Localized Electron Bonding: Properties of Molecular Geometry

Unit 3 | Properties of Substances and Mixtures

Exploring the properties of substances and mixtures involves understanding their intermolecular forces, phase behavior, and how these factors influence physical and chemical properties.

Short Answer Questions

Short answer questions assess the understanding of the properties, interactions, and behaviors of various substances and mixtures, emphasizing conceptual explanations and applications of chemical principles.

9 questions

Beer-Lambert Law Lab

Spectral Analysis of Unknown Elements

Combustion Analysis and Gas Laws

Interpreting Particulate Matter Drawings

Solubility of Molecular Compounds

Gas Law Experimentation

Intermolecular Forces and Boiling Point

Lewis Structures and Intermolecular Forces

Molecules: Propane and n-propanol

Long Answer Questions

Long answer questions require the application of chemical principles to analyze and explain the properties and behaviors of substances and mixtures in various contexts.

7 questions

Acid-Base Intermolecular Interactions

Intermolecular Forces of Liquid Chemicals

Metallic Bonding: Using a Model to Explain Metallic Properties

Matter and Molarity

Intermolecular and Intramolecular Forces

Properties of Matter Based on Bond Type

Lab Analysis of Dyes

Unit 4 | Chemical Reactions

Chemical reactions involve the transformation of reactants into products, which can be classified into various types such as synthesis, decomposition, single-replacement, double-replacement, and combustion.

Short Answer Questions

Short answer questions assess the understanding of chemical reactions, including conception, balancing equations, predicting products, and recognizing types of reactions and their specific characteristics.

5 questions

Limiting Reactant, Percent Yield, and Net Ionic Equation

Decomposition of Ammonium Dichromate

Gravimetric Analysis of a Chloride Sample

Chemical and Physical Properties: Explaining Common Occurrences

Calculating Volume and the Ideal Gas Law

Long Answer Questions

Long answer questions require a thorough explanation of chemical reactions, including balancing equations, identifying reaction types, and providing detailed mechanisms.

6 questions

Physical and Chemical Changes

Reaction Between Sulfuric Acid and Aqueous Barium Hydroxide

Standardizing Permanganate

Gravimetric Analysis of an Insoluble Substance

Titration of An Organic Acid

Identification of An Unknown Metal Hydroxide

Unit 5 | Kinetics

The study of kinetics involves analyzing the rates of chemical reactions, factors affecting these rates, and the mechanisms by which reactions proceed.

Short Answer Questions

Short Answer Questions assess the ability to explain concepts related to the rate of reactions, factors influencing reaction rates, and the interpretation of experimental data in kinetics.

2 questions

Kinetics of Decomposition

Rate Law Using Experimental Data

Long Answer Questions

Long answer questions in kinetics evaluate the understanding of reaction rates, factors affecting them, and the application of rate laws to analyze experimental data.

3 questions

Kinetics Graphing and Rate Laws

Reaction Pathway Between Alkene and Hydrobromic Acid

Experimental Determination of Reaction Rates

Unit 6 | Thermochemistry

Thermochemistry studies the energy changes associated with chemical reactions and physical processes, emphasizing heat transfer, enthalpy, and the concepts of exothermic and endothermic reactions.

Short Answer Questions

Short answer questions focus on analyzing and interpreting data related to thermochemical concepts, including the relationships between heat, work, and energy changes in chemical processes.

1 question

Patterns In Combustion Enthalpies

Long Answer Questions

Long answer questions in thermochemistry involve analyzing energy changes in chemical reactions, interpreting calorimetry data, and applying concepts of enthalpy, heat, and work to various processes.

3 questions

Stoichiometry And Enthalpy in Chemical Reactions

Comparing Fuel Gases

Stoichiometry and Calorimetry

Unit 7 | Equilibrium

Equilibrium describes the state in a chemical reaction where the forward and reverse processes occur at equal rates, leading to constant concentrations of reactants and products.

Short Answer Questions

Short answer questions assess the understanding of equilibrium concepts, including the relationships between reaction quotient, equilibrium constant, and shifts in position due to external stresses.

2 questions

Equilibrium: Experimental Design

Gas Equilibrium

Long Answer Questions

Long answer questions assess understanding of equilibrium concepts, requiring explanations of the dynamic nature of reactions, Le Châtelier's principle, and calculations involving equilibrium constants and concentrations.

7 questions

Disturbances in Equilibrium

Equilibrium and the Haber Process

Determination of $K_{eq}$ for a Redox Reaction

Le Châtelier's Principle and Thermodynamics

Empirical Formula of Hydrate

Heterogeneous Equilibria: Sublimation

Activation Energy

Unit 8 | Acids and Bases

Acids and bases undergo reversible proton-transfer reactions, influencing equilibrium concentrations and solution properties, and are characterized by their strength, ionization constants, and the ability to form buffer solutions.

Short Answer Questions

This topic focuses on analyzing the relationships between pH, pOH, and the concentrations of acids and bases in solution, including their reactions, equilibrium states, and buffer systems.

4 questions

Weak Base

Titration and Molarity Calculation

Calorimetry

Qualitative Analysis of a Neutralization Reaction

Long Answer Questions

Long answer questions in this topic assess the understanding of acid-base concepts, including their definitions, properties, reactions, and equilibrium relationships.

2 questions

Titration of an Unknown Concentration of Acetic Acid

Molar Mass of an Unknown Acid

Unit 9 | Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry

Thermodynamics explores the relationships between heat, work, energy, and spontaneity in chemical processes, while electrochemistry examines the interplay between chemical reactions and electricity through redox reactions.

Short Answer Questions

Short answer questions assess the understanding of key concepts in thermodynamics and electrochemistry, including energy changes, equilibrium, entropy, and redox reactions.